Asociación entre funcionalidad familiar y deterioro cognitivo leve en la familia con adulto mayor / Association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment in the family with the elderly

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre funcionalidad familiar y deterioro cognitivo leve en la familia con adulto mayor. Metodología: Diseño transversal analítico en familias con pacientes geriátricos. Se consideró familia con paciente geriátrico cuando al menos uno de sus integrantes tenía más de 60años de edad. Los grupos de comparación fueron la familia con paciente geriátrico sin deterioro cognitivo y la familia con paciente geriátrico con deterioro cognitivo leve determinada con el instrumento MoCA. La funcionalidad familiar se evaluó con el instrumento APGAR familiar, el cual identifica tres categorías: funcionalidad familiar, disfuncionalidad familiar moderada y disfuncionalidad familiar severa. El análisis estadístico incluyó chi cuadrado y prueba de Mann Whitney. Resultados: En la familia con paciente geriátrico, en el grupo sin deterioro cognitivo la prevalencia de funcionalidad familiar es del 89,7% y en el grupo con deterioro cognitivo leve la prevalencia de funcionalidad familiar es del 59,3% (MW=4,87, p<0,000). Conclusión: Existe asociación entre funcionalidad familiar y deterioro cognitivo leve.(AU)

Aim: To determine the association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment in the family with the elderly. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional design in families with geriatric patients. A family with a geriatric patient was considered when at least one of its members was over 60years of age. The comparison groups were the family with a geriatric patient without cognitive impairment and the family with a geriatric patient with mild cognitive impairment determined with the MoCA instrument. Family functionality was evaluated with the family APGAR instrument, which identifies three categories: family functionality, moderate family dysfunction, and severe family dysfunction. Statistical analysis included Chi square and Mann-Whitney test. Results: In the family with a geriatric patient, in the group without cognitive impairment the prevalence of family functionality is 89.7% and in the group with mild cognitive impairment the prevalence of family functionality is 59.3% (MW=4.87, P<.000). Conclusion: There is an association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment.(AU)

[Association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment in the family with the elderly]. / Asociación entre funcionalidad familiar y deterioro cognitivo leve en la familia con adulto mayor.

AIM: To determine the association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment in the family with the elderly. METHODOLOGY: Analytical cross-sectional design in families with geriatric patients. A family with a geriatric patient was considered when at least one of its members was over 60years of age. The comparison groups were the family with a geriatric patient without cognitive impairment and the family with a geriatric patient with mild cognitive impairment determined with the MoCA instrument. Family functionality was evaluated with the family APGAR instrument, which identifies three categories: family functionality, moderate family dysfunction, and severe family dysfunction. Statistical analysis included Chi square and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: In the family with a geriatric patient, in the group without cognitive impairment the prevalence of family functionality is 89.7% and in the group with mild cognitive impairment the prevalence of family functionality is 59.3% (MW=4.87, P<.000). CONCLUSION: There is an association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment.

Academic Burnout, Family Functionality, Perceived Social Support and Coping among Graduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Academic burnout and the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly impacted the academic life and mental health of graduate students. This study aims to address the mental health issue in graduate students by relating it to family functionality, perceived social support, and coping with academic burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were gathered from a cross-sectional study with 519 graduate students across universities in Hungary and other European countries. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Student, Family APGAR Index, the brief form of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale were used to measure academic burnout, family functionality, perceived social support, and coping, respectively. Structural equations modeling was used for statistical analysis. The results revealed a negative effect of family functionality, perceived social support, and coping on academic burnout. The inverse relationship between perceived social support and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was identified, and mediated by coping and family functionality. These findings may offer patterns and predictors for future graduate students and higher-education institutions to identify outside factors that are implicated in academic burnout, especially in outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factores de riesgo personales y familiares de la delincuencia en menores residentes de la zona sureste de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana / Personal and family risk factors for delinquency in juvenile residents of the southeast area of Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic / Fatores de risco pessoais e familiares para a delinqüência em jovens residentes na área sudeste de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana

La delincuencia juvenil va en aumento, ya que factores individuales, familiares y sociales hacen vulnerables a muchos menores a que en la adolescencia delincan. Los factores individuales y los familiares son los que más fácilmente pueden ser tratados de forma tal que la mejoría en ellos traiga como resultado una disminución en la probabilidad de que luego los menores caigan en conductas delictivas. Objetivo: revelar la presencia de factores de riesgo personales y familiares de la delincuencia en menores que viven en la zona sureste de la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana, al identificar en ellos su nivel intelectual, analizar su inteligencia emocional y determinar su estilo de afrontamiento y cuán funcionales son sus familias. Muestra: 538 menores que estudiaban en la escuela Ana Josefa Jiménez en los grados cuarto, quinto y sexto de primaria. Resultados: más de la mitad de los menores tienen un nivel bajo de inteligencia, en cuanto a la inteligencia emocional la puntuación más baja la tiene autocontrol, seguido por autoconciencia y empatía, el estilo de afrontamiento que utiliza la mayoría es indefinido, y más de la mitad de las familias son funcionales. Conclusión: 94% presentó factores de riesgo para la delincuencia, 29% un indicador, 38% dos indicadores, 23% tres indicadores y 4% los cuatro indicadores, revelando la presencia de factores de riesgo personales y familiares de la delincuencia en los menores que viven en la zona sureste de Santiago de los Caballeros.

Juvenile delinquency is on the rise, as individual, family and social factors make many children vulnerable to delinquency in adolescence. Individual and family factors are the ones that can most easily be addressed in such a way that an improvement in these factors results in a decrease in the likelihood that children will later engage in delinquent behaviour. Objective: to reveal the presence of personal and family risk factors for delinquency in minors living in the southeastern area of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, by identifying their intellectual level, analysing their emotional intelligence and determining their coping style and how functional their families are. Sample: 538 children studying at the Ana Josefa Jiménez school in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of primary school. Results: more than half of the children have a low level of intelligence, in terms of emotional intelligence the lowest score is self-control, followed by self-awareness and empathy, the co-ping style used by the majority is undefined, and more than half of the families are functional. Conclusion: 94% presented risk factors for delinquency, 29% one indicator, 38% two indicators, 23% three indicators and 4% all four indicators, revealing the presence of personal and family risk factors for delinquency in minors living in the southeast area of Santiago de los Caballeros.

A delinqüência juvenil está aumentando, pois fatores individuais, familiares e sociais tornam muitas crianças vulneráveis à delinqüência na adolescência. Os fatores individuais e familiares são os que mais facilmente podem ser abordados de tal forma que uma melhoria desses fatores resulte em uma diminuição da probabilidade de que as crianças se envolvam mais tarde em comportamentos delinqüentes. Objetivo: revelar a presença de fatores de risco pessoal e familiar para a delinqüência em menores que vivem na região sudeste da cidade de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana, identificando seu nível intelectual, analisando sua inteligência emocional e determinando seu estilo de lidar com a delinqüência e quão funcionais são suas famílias. Amostra: 538 crianças estudando na escola Ana Josefa Jiménez na quarta, quinta e sexta séries do ensino fundamental. Resultados: mais da metade das crianças tem um baixo nível de inteligência, em termos de inteligência emocional a pontuação mais baixa é autocontrole, seguido de autoconsciência e empatia, o estilo de lidar com a maioria é indefinido, e mais da metade das famílias são funcionais. Conclusão: 94% apresentaram fatores de risco para a delinqüência, 29% um indicador, 38% dois indicadores, 23% três indicadores e 4% todos os quatro indicadores, revelando a presença de fatores de risco pessoal e familiar para a delinqüência em menores que vivem na área sudeste de Santiago de los Caballeros.

Unpacking the Association between Family Functionality and Psychological Distress among Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Internet Addiction.

Family functionality has been proven to be associated with adolescents' and children's mental health, but its indirect mechanisms among left-behind children have rarely been investigated in the Chinese context. This study aims to explore the direct effect of family functionality on psychological distress and the mediating roles of social support and Internet addiction among Chinese left-behind children. Based on multistage random sampling, 1355 students were recruited to participate in a school-based questionnaire survey in Jiangsu Province. Structural equation modeling using Amos 26.0 was used to test the direct and indirect paths of the variables. The results support our hypotheses, suggesting that family functionality has a direct effect on the psychological distress of left-behind children. Meanwhile, the association between family functionality and psychological distress is mediated by social support and Internet addiction, separately and sequentially. The findings suggest that effective social work interventions for psychological distress should be targeted toward social support and Internet addiction among left-behind children.

Evaluación de un modelo explicativo del riesgo suicida con base en factores familiares / Evaluation of an explanatory model of suicide risk based on family factors

Resumen El suicidio es una problemática de salud mental de alto impacto en la sociedad actual, tanto en el mundo como en Colombia. Dentro de las conceptualizaciones modernas como el modelo socioecológico de la prevención del suicidio, se ha reconocido que los factores familiares son determinantes muy importantes del riesgo y la protección. El presente estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar un modelo explicativo del riesgo por ideación suicida en adolescentes que involucre las dimensiones de socialización parental y la funcionalidad familiar percibida, así como establecer la influencia del estilo de socialización de padres y madres. Para tales objetivos, se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, de alcance explicativo y de corte transversal. A una muestra de 268 adolescentes de 12 a 16 años, el 51.9 % de sexo femenino y 48.1 % masculino, ubicados en la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia, se aplicó la Escala de socialización parental en la adolescencia (ESPA-29), el APGAR Familiar y la Escala de Ideación Suicida BECK-HF. Mediante SPSS 25 y AMOS 25 se evaluaron cinco modelos explicativos diferentes. El modelo de mejores indicadores de bondad de ajuste (χ. = 22.2, p = .022, CMINDF = 2.023, CFI = .968, TLI = .919, NFI = .942, RMSEA = .061) establece una influencia de la aceptación/implicación de ambos padres sobre el funcionamiento familiar, lo que reduce el nivel de ideación suicida. En este último, también inciden directamente la edad y la coerción/imposición del padre. Como conclusión, se demuestra la importancia del funcionamiento familiar, de las conductas de apoyo y afecto de la dimensión aceptación/implicación, pues presentan un efecto protector ante el riesgo suicida. De igual manera, los datos ponen de relieve que las conductas de coerción/imposición del padre, mas no de la madre, fueron un factor de riesgo. Como limitante de este estudio se presenta la no inclusión de otros factores en el modelo que podrían influir en el riesgo suicida, por lo que se sugiere realizar investigaciones que tengan en cuenta estos otros factores a nivel social e intrapersonales, pero con evaluaciones desde el modelo explicativo, que poco se evidencia en la literatura científica.

Abstract Suicide is a high-impact mental health problem in today's society, both in the world and in Colombia: in fact, epidemiological data shows that there has been an upward trend in the suicide rate both in the country and in the city of Valledupar, which is the local context of interest. On the other hand, within modern conceptualizations such as the socio-ecological model of suicide prevention, it has been recognized that family factors are very important determinants of risk and protection. The different investigations reviewed as antecedents show congruently that family dysfunction as well as coercive paternal socialization behaviors are risk factors for suicide. Likewise, adequate family functionality and parental acceptance, and involvement behaviors are protective factors. Similarly, different studies have shown that older adolescents and females are at greater risk of suicidal behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an explanatory model of the risk of suicidal ideation, which involved the dimensions of parental socialization and perceived family functionality, as well as to establish the influence of the parents' socialization style, based on the findings of previous studies. For this purpose, a quantitative, explanatory and cross-sectional study was developed. The ESPA-29, the APGAR and the BECK-HF Suicidal Ideation Scale were applied to a sample of 268 adolescents from the city of Valledupar, Colombia. A simple random sampling was used for the selection of participants within a neighborhood of the city of Valledupar. The sample consisted of 51.9 % female and 48.1 % male adolescents. The approval of the parents was obtained through an informed consent of the legal representative, as well as an informed consent for the adolescents, which complies with the characteristics requested by the Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos. Using SPSS 25 and AMOS 25, five different explanatory models were evaluated, with a SEM modeling-Path Analysis. The model of best goodness of fit indicators (χ. = 22.2, p = .022, CMINDF = 2.023, CFI = .968, TLI = .919, NFI = .942, RMSEA = .061) establishes an influence of acceptance/involvement of both parents on family functioning, which reduces the level of suicidal ideation; age and coercion/imposition of the father also directly affect the latter. The data demonstrate the importance of family functioning and of supportive and affective behaviors of the acceptance/involvement dimension, since they present a protective effect against suicidal risk. In the same way, the data shows that the coercion/imposition behaviors of the father, but not the mother, were a risk factor. Although the father's authoritarian style did predict a greater risk of suicidal ideation, it was the indulgent style, and not the authoritative style, that presented the lowest risk. Although the measurements obtained by this research do not allow us to unambiguously explain why this difference occurs between the study's findings and what is suggested by the scientific literature regarding maternal and paternal styles of socialization in the face of suicide, there are possible determining factors for the results. The possibility is raised that, at a cultural level, beliefs about the maternal role in families in the Colombian Caribbean region, which arise from a formation of matrilocal families, influence the perception of greater acceptability of punishment by the mother towards their children. On the other hand, there is the lack of evidence of significant differences in terms of suicide risk according to sex. Some directions are suggested for future research, mainly to broaden the research spectrum on the role of the family in suicide prevention and to corroborate in the context of the Colombian Caribbean region the finding about the absence of effect of coercion/imposition behaviors carried out by the mother.

Association between Family Functionality, Sociodemographic Factors, and Severity of Depression in Women with Infertility Attending a Gynecology Clinic in Northwest Nigeria.

Background Depression is a common psychological disorder in women with infertility, which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Little attention is currently given to depression by health care providers who manage infertility, and there is a scarcity of studies on depression among women with infertility in northern Nigeria. Objective This study aimed at assessing the association between family functionality, sociodemographic factors, and depression severity in women with infertility attending a gynecology clinic in northwest Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 415 females systematically selected from women with infertility attending a gynecology clinic in a Nigerian hospital. They were interviewed using Beck's Depression Inventory and Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve) questionnaires over 12 weeks. Data regarding participants' sociodemographic and infertility characteristics were also collected. The association between categorical variables was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The determinants of depression severity were assessed using logistic regression analysis. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age of respondents was 30.9 ± 6.6 years; the prevalence of depression was 44.6% (32.5% were of mild severity). Most families (73.5%) were highly functional. Association between family functionality and depression severity was not statistically significant (chi-square =5.143, p = 0.259). Respondents' religion (chi-square = 10.813, p = 0.029), education (chi-square = 36.835, p = 0.001), and monthly income (chi-square = 9.261, p = 0.010) were associated with depression severity. Being a Muslim (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-5.6, p = 0.001) and having formal education (OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 4.7-16.5, p = 0.001) were determinants of depression severity. Conclusion The prevalence of depression was high among the respondents. Although no association was found between family functionality and depression severity, respondents who are Muslims or had formal education were at increased risk of depression. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for depression and holistic care is required to manage women with infertility.

Family APGAR and treatment outcomes among HIV patients at two ART Centres in Kumasi, Ghana.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve (Family APGAR) and HIV treatment outcomes. Design: A cross-sectional study using the Family APGAR questionnaire. Setting: The study was conducted in Kumasi, Ghana, at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Hospital. Participants: Consenting HIV-positive patients who had been on treatment for at least 12 months were recruited. Main outcome measures: The Family APGAR questionnaire was administered, and relevant data were extracted from hospital records and analysed using STATA® software. The relationship between Family APGAR and treatment outcomes was determined using Chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact test. Results: Approximately 70.1% of 304 participants were females with a mean age of 41.8 years (±9.9). At treatment initiation, 47.4% of the patients presented at World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical stages I and II and had a CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/mm3. Females were less likely (Odds Ratio= 0.52; 95% CI=0.31 - 0.90, p = 0.018) to report late for treatment compared with the males. After 12 months of treatment, approximately 70% recorded undetectable viral load. Patients with functional families constituted 70.4%, which had a statistically significant relationship with viral load (p = 0.041). Conclusion: HIV care providers should incorporate family functionality evaluation into clinical practice and provide early essential support to enhance treatment outcomes. Funding: None declared.

Prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of perceived family functionality, marital satisfaction and intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 lockdown among married primary healthcare users.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on family experiences has not been thoroughly evaluated, given the consequent stressful home environment it reportedly caused that can adversely affect family dynamics. This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of perceived family functionality, marital satisfaction and intimate partner violence (IPV) during the lockdown among married healthcare users in a Nigerian primary care setting. Materials and Methods: The study was cross sectional. Data were collected randomly from 432 eligible attendees of a primary care clinic in Kano, Nigeria. Information regarding participants' sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, marital satisfaction and IPV were measured using a sociodemographic questionnaire, APGAR-, Kansas marital satisfaction- and verbal HITS-scales. Results: Respondents' mean (range) age was 30 (15-70) years; 293 (67.8%) were females. Family dysfunction, marital dissatisfaction and probable IPV were found in 44.2, 56.5 and 50.5% of respondents, respectively. The odds of a functional family were higher among caregiver and female respondents but lower among those aged ≥50 years, students, non-Hausa/Fulani, those with low education and residing outside the Kano metropolis during the lockdown. Marital satisfaction was higher among caregivers and respondents from polygamous families and lower among respondents aged ≥50 years. No studied sociodemographic variable predicted probable IPV. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of family dysfunction, marital dissatisfaction and probable IPV among the respondents during the lockdown. These findings suggest screening married patients for family dysfunction, marital dissatisfaction and IPV during similar lockdowns for appropriate interventions. The predictor variables could form essential considerations for the screening.

Family APGAR and treatment outcomes among HIV patients at two ART Centers in Kumasi, Ghana

objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve (Family APGAR) and HIV treatment outcomes. Design: A cross-sectional study using the Family APGAR questionnaire Setting: The study was conducted in Kumasi, Ghana, at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Hospital Participants: Consenting HIV-positive patients who had been on treatment for at least 12 months were recruited. Main outcome measures: The Family APGAR questionnaire was administered, and relevant data were extracted from hospital records and analysed using STATA® software. The relationship between Family APGAR and treatment outcomes was determined using Chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact test. Results: Approximately 70.1% of 304 participants were females with a mean age of 41.8 years (±9.9). At treatment initiation, 47.4% of the patients presented at World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical stages I and II and had a CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/mm3 . Females were less likely (Odds Ratio= 0.52; 95% CI=0.31 ­ 0.90, p = 0.018) to report late for treatment compared with the males. After 12 months of treatment, approximately 70% recorded undetectable viral load. Patients with functional families constituted 70.4%, which had a statistically significant relationship with viral load (p = 0.041). Conclusion: HIV care providers should incorporate family functionality evaluation into clinical practice and provide early essential support to enhance treatment outcomes

Funcionalidad familiar y satisfacción con la vida post desastre natural en una comunidad de San Antonio del Pedregal, Perú / Family functionality and satisfaction with life after natural disaster in a community of San Antonio del Pedregal, Perú / Funcionalidade familiar e satisfação com a vida pós-desastre natural em uma comunidade de San Antonio del Pedregal, Perú

Los desastres naturales, aparte de las pérdidas económicas que generan, también pueden afectar el funcionamiento familiar y la satisfacción con la vida debido a los eventos adversos que se experimentan. Por ello, el principal objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la relación que existe entre la funcionalidad familiar y la satisfacción con la vida en la comunidad de San Antonio del Pedregal - Sector 1 en Lurigancho-Chosica, Perú; una de las zonas más afectadas por la presencia de huaicos (grandes aluviones frecuentes en las alturas andinas) desde la década de 1980 y que recientemente ha experimentado los efectos adversos del fenómeno del Niño de 2017. La investigación se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance correlacional y diseño no experimental de corte transversal; además, la muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 180 personas. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de los eventos vividos, las personas muestran un moderado funcionamiento familiar y se encuentran satisfechas con sus vidas. Las mujeres presentaron mayor puntaje en ambas variables en comparación con los varones, los mayores de 60 años reportaron mayor funcionalidad familiar y los menores de 30 años mostraron mejores resultados en la satisfacción con la vida.(AU)

Natural disasters, apart from economic losses, can also affect family functioning and life satisfaction due to the adverse events that are experienced. Therefore, the main purpose of the research was to know the relation between the family functionality and satisfaction with life in the community of San Antonio del Pedregal - Sector 1 in Lurigancho-Chosica, Peru; one of the geographical areas most affected by the presence of huaicos (frequent large floods in the Andean highlands) since the 1980s and that has recently experienced the adverse effects of the El Niño phenomenon of 2017. The research was correlational and transversal; furthermore, the study sample consisted of 180 local people. The results indicate that, despite the events experienced, people show moderate family functioning and are satisfied with their life. Women had a higher score in both variables compared to men, those over 60 years of age reported greater family functionality, and those under 30 years of age showed better results in life satisfaction.(AU)

Os desastres naturais, além das perdas econômicas, também podem afetar o funcionamento da família e a satisfação com a vida devido aos eventos adversos vivenciados. Portanto, o objetivo principal da investigação foi conhecer a relação entre a funcionalidade da família e a satisfação com a vida na comunidade de San Antonio del Pedregal - Setor 1 em Lurigancho-Chosica, Peru; uma das áreas geográficas mais afetadas pela presença de huaicos (grandes inundações frequentes no planalto andino) desde a década de 1980 e que recentemente experimentou os efeitos adversos do fenômeno El Niño de 2017. A investigação foi correlacional e transversal; além disso, a amostra do estudo foi composta por 180 pessoas locais. Os resultados indicam que, apesar dos eventos vivenciados, as pessoas apresentam funcionamento familiar moderado e estão satisfeitas com a vida. As mulheres obtiveram pontuação mais elevada em ambas as variáveis em relação aos homens, as maiores de 60 anos relataram maior funcionalidade familiar e as menores de 30 anos apresentaram melhores resultados na satisfação com a vida.(AU)

Funcionalidad familiar y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud: una revisión sistemática / Family functionality and academic performance in health sciences students: a systematic review

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores de la funcionalidad familiar asociados al rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud a nivel de educación superior, según lo reportado en la literatura. Materiales y método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed (MedLine), ProQuest, SciELO y Google Académico, utilizando descriptores clave, criterios de selección y límites de búsqueda durante el proceso de revisión. Veintitrés documentos fue el insumo final seleccionado para el análisis. Resultados: Adicional a los hallazgos descriptivos de los estudios, emergieron factores positivos y negativos que se constituyen en categorías explicativas de la asociación existente entre la funcionalidad familiar y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud en educación superior. Conclusión: La literatura científica sobre funcionalidad familiar y su asociación con el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes universitarios, aunque ha ido en aumento de forma significativa, se ha desarrollado desde perspectivas diversas. Se requiere mayor integración y estudios de investigación que incluyan a la familia y a la universidad como entornos próximos y de desarrollo de los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors of family functionality, associated with the academic performance of health sciences students at the higher education level, as reported in the literature. Materials and Method: a systematic review of the literature was carried out in the following databases: PubMed (MedLine), ProQuest, SciELO, and Google Scholar, using key descriptors, selection criteria, and search limits during the review process. 23 documents were selected as the final input for the analysis. Results: in addition to the descriptive findings of the studies, positive and negative factors emerged that constitute explanatory categories of the existing association between family functionality and academic performance in health sciences students in higher education. Conclusion: the scientific literature on family functionality and its association with academic performance in university students, although has been significantly increasing, has developed from different perspectives. Greater integration and research studies that include the family and the university as close and developmental environments for students are required.

Apego, autoestima y funcionamiento familiar en estudiantes de bachillerato de los cantones Riobamba y Guano / Attachment, self-esteem and family functioning in high school students from the cities of Riobamba and Guano

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación existente entre las dimensiones de apego, autoestima y funcionamiento familiar en estudiantes de bachillerato de los cantones Riobamba y Guano, provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador; mediante un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal. En este participa-ron 341 estudiantes de bachillerato pertenecientes a unidades educativas mencionadas, en los que se aplicaron los instrumentos: Cuestionario de apego Camir-R y los test de autoestima de Rosenberg y el de funcionamiento familiar FF-SIL. Los resultados mostraron un predominio del género femenino (277) y que la seguridad fue la dimensión mejor punteada (= 30,19). Se establecieron diferencias significativas entre las tipologías preocupado y evitativo (p<0,05). La auto-estima valorada como alta predominó entre las mujeres (51,53%), también predominó la tipología de moderadamente funcional en la población estudiada (56,7% en las mujeres y 71,9 % en los hombres). Los niveles de correlación entre las variables y dimensiones y el sentido de esta resultaron diversos. Las conclusiones establecidas apoyan la importancia del apego para el desarrollo adecuado de la autoestima y el funcionamiento familiar.

This research aimed to determine the relationship among the dimensions of attachment, selfesteem and family functioning in high school students from the cities of Riobamba and Guano, Chimborazo province, Ecuador. The study considered a quantitative approach, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional. 341 high school students from the aforementioned educa-tional units participated in this study, in which the following instruments were applied: the Camir-R attachment questionnaire, the Rosenberg selfesteem test and the FF-SIL family functioning test. The results showed a predominance of the female gender (277), and that safety was the best scored dimension (=30.19). Significant differences were established between the worried and avoidant typologies (p<0.05). Selfesteem valued as high prevailed among women (51.53%), the moderately functional typology also predominated in the studied population (56.7% in women and 71.9% in men). The levels of correlation between the variables and dimensions and their meaning were diverse. The established conclusions support the importance of attachment for the proper development of selfesteem and family functioning.

La educación en valores desde la familia en el contexto actual / Values education from the family in the current context

La familia posee una función esencial en la formación de las futuras generaciones, pues en ella radican los cimientos para la educación en valores que contribuirán al desarrollo de la sociedad saludable y virtuosa que se necesita. Por ello, resulta impostergable mejorar las bases teóricas y metodológicas que orienten su actuación, así como también lograr herramientas eficaces para motivar y adiestrar en el despliegue de su papel rector educativo para cimentar generaciones de calidad, lo cual constituye un reto imprescindible. Al respecto, en este artículo se buscó revitalizar y enriquecer esos principios sin obviar el contexto actual que se vive, y además se brindan herramientas que posibilitan un mejor desempeño de la familia en la labor educativa de los valores.

The family possesses an essential function in the training of the future generations, because the foundations for values education reside in it so that they will contribute to the development of the healthy and virtuous society that it is needed. Reason why it is inevitable to improve the theoretical and methodological bases that guide their performance, as well as to achieve effective tools to motivate and train in the display of its educational rector role to build quality generations, which constitutes an indispensable challenge. In this respect, this work is aimed at revitalizing and enriching those principles without obviating the current context that we are living, and some tools are also offered that facilitate a better family performance in the educational work of values.

Association of Internet Addiction with Family Functionality, Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Early Adolescents.

Early adolescents usually have worse self-control and poor time management abilities. They are a higher-risk group for Internet addiction than older adolescents or adults. This study aims to explore the prevalence of Internet addiction and associated factors in early adolescents. Participants included 451 fifth and sixth-grade students in Central Taiwan. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and a structured questionnaire that consisted of demographics, Young's Internet Addiction Test, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The participants were 50.8% male, and the mean age was 11.35, with a range of 10.33-12.92 years. A total of 33.7% of all participants were prone to Internet addiction. The results showed that participants who were male and had high money allowance, poor family atmosphere, parents who did not limit Internet usage time, high depression, low self-efficacy and low self-esteem were more prone to Internet addiction. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that being male, having parents who did not limit Internet usage time and higher degrees of depression were the associated factors of Internet addiction in early adolescents. The phenomenon of Internet addiction among early adolescents seems to be increasing. Improving family functionality and individual mental health may be effective ways to reduce Internet addiction.

Desarrollo psicomotor en la infancia temprana y funcionalidad familiar / Psychomotor development in early childhood and family functionality

Resumen Se investigó el desarrollo psicomotor temprano y si existían diferencias significativas en las diversas áreas de este desarrollo según la funcionalidad familiar (cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar) desde la percepción materna. Se trabajó con un diseño no experimental de alcance descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 32 diadas madre- hijo de entre 12 y 27 meses de edad. Se administró el Instrumento de Observación del Desarrollo Infantil (IODI), la Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE) y FACES III. Se encontraron diversas diferencias significativas entre tipo de cohesión-adaptabilidad familiar y áreas de la PRUNAPE (p<.05) y del IODI (p<.05). Se observó un desarrollo infantil temprano más favorable en las áreas personal social, lenguaje y socioemocional, en aquellas familias conectadas y flexibles.

Abstract The early psychomotor development was investigated and whether there were significant differences in the various areas of this development according to the maternal perception of family functionality (family cohesion and adaptability). A non-experimental descriptive design was carried out. The sample was comprised of 32 mothers with their children between 12 and 27 months old. Data was collected regarding The Child Development Observation Instrument (IODI), The National Research Test (PRUNAPE) and FACES III. Significant differences between cohesion and adaptability types and areas of development from PRUNAPE (p <.05) and IODI (p <.05) were observed. A more favorable early childhood psychomotor development was observed in the personal social area, as well as in A more favorable early the language and socioemotional area, in those families connected and flexible.

Job Insecurity, Family Functionality and Mental Health: A Comparative Study between Male and Female Hospitality Workers.

The aim of the present article is to compare the family functionality, mental health and job insecurity of employees of the hospitality industry in Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas, in México. This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study. The sample was selected by non-probabilistic sampling for convenience and comprised a total of 914 people, of whom 438 were women (47.92%) and 476 were men (52.08%). The women surveyed reported more somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia and social dysfunction compared to men, which allows the conclusion that their mental health is vulnerable; meanwhile, men showed better perception of family functionality, a positive factor that reveals the family as a potential support factor that reduces stress, anxiety and improves men's mental health. Another result reveals that the gender structure permeates the hotel sector, inequalities in the type of contract and income are corroborated, and the existence of a sexual division of labor to the detriment of women is confirmed, as they are mostly employed in low-skilled jobs that reproduce domestic tasks, particularly those related to cleaning and food service tasks.

Predictors of family functionality amongst human immunodeficiency virus-serodiscordant couples in two major hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Family instability and partner conflicts are reportedly common in serodiscordant relationships. To date, the family adaptability, partnership, growth, affection and resolve (Family APGAR), a standardised tool for assessing family function, has not been used in any published literature involving this peculiar group. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of family functionality and its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serodiscordance. SETTING: The study was undertaken at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Hospital and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study. A systematic sampling method was used to select HIV-positive clients whose partners were seropositive (concordant) or seronegative (discordant). A standardised format was used to extract relevant data. All data were analysed using STATA® (version 14). Results were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for study and outcome variables. RESULTS: The study recruited 374 respondents, of which 52% (195) were in HIV-discordant relationships. Approximately 68% (254) of the respondents rated their families as functional, 15% (57) rated as moderately dysfunctional and 17% (63) rated as severely dysfunctional. A statistically significant relationship was found between family functionality and gender, as well as between family functionality and HIV status disclosure to the partner. No association was found between the Family APGAR and HIV serodiscordance. CONCLUSION: Amongst HIV couples, the strongest predictors of family functionality are gender and status disclosure. Healthcare providers should invest efforts into addressing gender-based challenges, utilise the Family APGAR and support disclosure of HIV status, especially amongst discordant couples.

Factores asociados a la depresión en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad peruana / Factors associated with depression in medical students from a peruvian university

Introducción: La depresión es un trastorno del estado de ánimo crónico o recurrente que afecta la habilidad para enfrentarse a la vida cotidiana. Los estudiantes de medicina humana están expuestos a diversos factores propios de los estudiantes y su entorno, que los predisponen a sufrir enfermedades emocionales o psicológicas. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el estrés académico, la calidad de sueño, la funcionalidad, los factores sociodemográficos y la depresión, en los estudiantes de medicina humana de la Universidad Hermilio Valdizán de Huánuco en 2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico. La muestra estuvo constituida por 179 estudiantes, que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Para la encuesta se usó una ficha de recolección conformada por los datos sociodemográficos edad, sexo, año de estudio, procedencia, trabajo y grupo familiar; el Inventario de depresión de Beck; el Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburg; el test de Funcionamiento Familiar (FF-SIL); y el inventario SISCO del estrés académico. Resultados: De los estudiantes, 59 (32,97 por ciento) tuvieron depresión y, entre ellos, 40 (22,35 por ciento) depresión leve. La calidad de sueño (p = 0,001), la funcionalidad familiar (p = 0,001) y el año de estudio (p = 0,003) se asociaron estadísticamente con la depresión. No se halló una relación significativa entre estrés académico y depresión (p = 0,428). Además, pertenecer al sexo femenino presentó un factor de riesgo de 1,03 veces más para tener depresión y la asociación no fue significativa (p = 0,752). Conclusiones: Se observó que presentar una mala calidad de sueño, tener una familia disfuncional y estar en los primeros años de la carrera, influyó en la depresión de los estudiantes; por lo tanto, se requiere crear estrategias de detección y medidas de protección(AU)

Introduction: Depression is a chronic or recurrent mood disorder that affects the ability to cope with everyday life. Students of human medicine are exposed to various factors specific to students and their setting, which predispose them to suffer emotional or psychological conditions. Objective: To determine the association between academic stress, sleep quality, functionality, sociodemographic factors, and depression in students from the first to the fifth academic years of human medicine at Hermilio Valdizán University of Huánuco in 2018. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, using non-probability sampling. The sample consisted of 179 students who met the selection criteria. For the survey, a collection form was used, made up of the following sociodemographic data: age, sex, academic year, origin, work, and family group. We also used the Beck Depression Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Family Functioning Perception Test (FF-SIL), and the SISCO inventory of academic stress. Results: Of the students, 59 (32.97 percent) had depression and, among them, 40 (22.35 percent) mild depression. Sleep quality (p=0.001), family functionality (p=0.001), and academic year of study (p=0.003) were statistically associated with depression. No significant relationship was found between academic stress and depression (p=0.428). In addition, belonging to the female sex represented a risk factor of having 1.03 times more depression, while the association was not significant (p=0.752). Conclusions: We observed that presenting poor sleep quality, having a dysfunctional family, and being in the first academic years of the major influence student depression; therefore, it is required to create detection strategies and protection measures(AU)

Factores asociados al nivel de empatía hacia el paciente en estudiantes de medicina, Perú, 2018 / Factors associated with the level of empathy towards the patient in medical students, Peru, 2018

RESUMEN Introducción: La empatía es el entendimiento adecuado del paciente, es considerada el eje central de la relación médico-paciente y es un componente vital para la atención en salud de alta calidad. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de empatía hacia el paciente y su asociación con la funcionalidad familiar, estrés, rendimiento académico y factores sociodemográficos y académicos de los estudiantes de Medicina. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal analítico. Se trabajó con todos los estudiantes de medicina (130), matriculados entre 3ro a 6to año, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las variables independientes fueron funcionalidad familiar, estrés y rendimiento académico. Se aplicó un cuestionario y la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson versión S. En el análisis, se empleó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk para evaluar la normalidad, se utilizaron estadísticos no paramétricos. Se consideró significancia estadística p<0,05. Resultados: La media de empatía global fue de 106,08 ± 18,29 puntos. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la media de empatía global con el sexo (p=0,03), el año de estudios (p=0,00), y la funcionalidad familiar (p=0,04). Conclusiones: El nivel de funcionamiento familiar está asociado con la empatía. Además, se encontró que las mujeres resultaron más empáticas y el mayor año académico estuvo asociado a una menor empatía hacia el paciente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Empathy is the adequate understanding towards the patient; it is considered the central axis of the doctor-patient relationship and is a vital component for high-quality health care. Objective: To determine the levels of empathy towards the patient and their association with family functionality, stress, academic performance and sociodemographic and academic factors of medical students. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population included 130 medical students (between 3rd-year and 6-th year) who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables were family functionality, stress and academic performance. A questionnaire and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Version S were applied. For the analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used for testing the assumption of normality, the Student t Test and Anova test were used to establish the relationship between variables. Statistical significance of p <0.05 was considered. Results: The average global empathy was 106.08 ± 18.29 points. Statistically significant differences were found between global empathy and sex (p = 0.03), year of studies (p = 0.00), and family functionality (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The level of family functioning is associated with empathy. Moreover, it was also found that women were more empathic than men and higher academic years were associated with a lower level of empathy towards the patient.